2 Samuel 23:11

Authorized King James Version

And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאַֽחֲרָ֛יו
And after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#2
שַׁמָּ֥ה
him was Shammah
shammah, the name of an edomite and four israelites
#3
בֶן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#4
אָגֵ֖א
H89
of Agee
age, an israelite
#5
הָֽרָרִ֑י
the Hararite
hararite
#6
וַיֵּאָֽסְפ֨וּ
were gathered together
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
#7
פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
And the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#8
לַחַיָּ֗ה
into a troop
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#9
וַתְּהִי
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#10
שָׁ֞ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#11
חֶלְקַ֤ת
where was a piece
properly, smoothness; figuratively, flattery
#12
הַשָּׂדֶה֙
of ground
a field (as flat)
#13
מְלֵאָ֣ה
full
full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
#14
עֲדָשִׁ֔ים
of lentiles
a lentil
#15
וְהָעָ֥ם
and the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#16
נָ֖ס
fled
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#17
מִפְּנֵ֥י
from
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#18
פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
And the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources